Who is in charge of approving trademark registrations?

The task of granting trademark registration is usually handled by the national intellectual property or trademark office in each country. These agencies, which can be governmental or quasi-governmental, review applications, check for legal compliance, and grant trademark rights. For instance, in the U.S., this is done by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), while in the EU, it's managed by the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). Other countries have similar offices. For international trademarks, the Madrid Protocol offers a way to file and manage applications centrally, but approval is still required from each country's office.